Joseph r



- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

Josisrn R. .rRANonoF NEW YORK, n. Y., ASSIGNORTO THE ARLINGTON i; MANUFACTURINGCOMPANY, or SAME PLACE.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J osnrn RQFRANCE, a

citizen pf the United States, residing at New ir'ork c1ty,'in' the county of'New York and 5 State of New York; have invented new and useful Improvements inthe Process of Purification of Crude Camphor and its Reduction to a Crystalline, Anhydrous, and Granular- Condition, of which the following is a specification.

vide a novel and economical process for the purification of crude camphor and its red uccondition. A

lily invention consists in the process of purifying and dehydrating crude camphor, as hereinafterset forth and claimed.

The substance commercially known as crude camphor and defined chemically by ihe formula. O H, '0 is-usually supplied to our-markets from ormosa orJapan. Before it can beconsidered as serviceable in the arts itlmust be refined, this being-usually accomplished by the process of sublimation, which is well understood. By this process the re-' fined camphor is obtained in a solid cakeor mass, which for many uses must bc'granulatedl This process, besides adding, to-the expense, is subject to the further objection that it causes a loss ofv the volatile substances present and leaves the granulated camphor mechanically combined with a quantity of water, which for certain purposes renders the camphor wholly unfit for use. A method has also been practiced for the production of a granulated camphorfthis product being commercially known asflowcrs of, camphor,

' .biitthisissubject-tothesame objection, as i the granulated eamphor retains a considerable part of the water present in crude camphor. Moreover, neitherv process referred to eliminates all the impurities found in the crude camphor, so that neither flowers. of

- camphor nor camphor refined by sublimation is fitfor use in any of the arts requiring pure,

camplior. In the manufacture of .pyralin, xylonite,nnd all pyroxylin compounds, for example, it is essential that thccamphor used 59 'asa solvent shall becntirelypure, anhydreu I -It is the purpose .ofmy invention to pro I tion toa'crystalline, anhydrous, and granular L PROCESS OF PURlFYING cAMPi-iou.

S EOIFIOA'DIOR forming part of Letters PatentNo. 574,726, dated January 5, 1397.

5 Application filed August 2, 1896. Serial No. 56 8,0 03- zlllo specimens-r and in a granular orpulverizedstate. It is a product consisting of perfectly pure anhydrous granular camphorcrystals wholly un-, like anything heretofore known, the cost'of production being reduced and the process being c'arried'on without loss of the volatile constituents of. pure camphoigrthe presence.

of which is essential in the manufacture of pyroxylin compounds. I Y

My invention consists-in the prooesshere inafter described for purifying, dehydrating, and granulating camphor.

To enable those skilledin the artto which:

my invention pertains to fully understand and practice said invention, I will now procecd to describe the same in detail, reference being had'for this purpose to the accompany-d in g drawing, iii-which the figure isa sectional elevation showing one form of apparatus 'suitable for the practice of my' invention.

In practicing my process I first place the crude camphor in a dissolviugvessel, which is constructed of zinc or other suitable metal, care being-taken to avoid unnecessary exposure to the air after the tub or can- .con-

taining the crudc camphor is opened. The dissolving vessel -is provided with a tightly: closingcover, as the solvent which Iprefer 'to use is naphtha having a specific gravity of 60 Baum orthereabout. Itis filtered before using to remove any solid particles of matter that may be present. The cover of the dissolving vessclbe'ing then fastened,

it is allowed to stand until the-solvent I actibri-Jms-proceded to the proper-point? 99 The vessel being undisturbed, the water of. crystallization, or the moisture mechanically combined with the crude camphor, and which I may amount to about fifteen per cent. of the I same, will sink to the bottom of the vessel, owing to its greaterspecilicgravity. For the same reason the extraneous'er foreign matter present in the crude cainphor will also pass to the bottom, leavingthc naphtha,-wi.th pure camphor held 'in solution, floating upon the; water. The sugernatant solution of naphtha .arating so perfectly suitable packing 2 i eve /"es and pure cumphor is then drawn oil? into a llltering vessel, the water being left in the dissolving vessel. The filtering vessel contams an ordinary bag-filter, preferably of muslin, though fcltorother suitable material may be used. From the filtering vessel the pure camphor in naphtha solution isru'ninto a still by which the naphtha is driven oil, condenscth and recovered for further use. The process of distillation is carried on until the contents of the still are reduced to the conslstcncy of a syrup, when they are removed to condensing-pans, where the crystallization of the pure anhydrous camphor begins immediately, the crystals being small, irregular, entirely transparent, slightly adherent when dry, and showing but slight affinity for moisture when exposed to the atmosphere. ihey possess the characteristic odor and pungent aromatic taste of camphor in a very marked degree.

The naphtha may be entirely driven off by the still, but should any remain after the distillatiou the crystallized camphor may be placed m bag-filters in closed chambers, where the naphtha will easily drain'away,scp-

that not the slightest odor remains.

It should be noted that in all the steps of this process heat is employed at one point only, the solution, filtering, and final crystallization being conducted at ordinary tem,- peratures. The heat of the still is preferably supplied by steam, a jacket being provided for this purpose, the distilling temperature never rising sensibly above 212 Fahrenheit. [for these reasons I avoid driving off the volatile constituents of the camph'or, which are valuable for m an ufactn ri n g purposes. Moroovcr, the still being hermetically closed, no esgppc of such volatilizcd constituents is possi e.

I have shown in the accompanying drawing one'form of apparatus suitable for the practice of my invention, the reference-numeral 1 indicating one or more dissolving vessels, each having a cover 2, provided with V A draw-off pipe 4 enters the bottom of each vessel and rises above its bottom far enough to pass through the stratum of water which will be formed by the dissolution of the crude cam phor, thereby enabling the naphtha holding the pure eamphor in solution to be withdrawn and separated from the water which was combined with the crude camphor and which settles to thc'bottom of the dissolving vessel. A filtering vessel 6 is preferably arranged below each dissolving vessel, so that the solution may be run into the filter without any exposure to; the air. A Icock 01 valve 7 is placed in the draw-off u re. The numeral 8 denotes the still, which has a surrounding jacket 9 and steam-pipe 10. From the ottom of the still a pipe 12, havmg a cook or valve 13,1ads to the cooling 01' crystallizing pan .l-t, which is arranged with a wateeja cret surrounding it. A jetof water supplied by pipe 'f'fieools the top of the pan 14, in which condensation and crystallization take place. The recovered condensed solvent from the still and from the draining-cans is collected in a reservoir 16 and carried by a rotary pump-17 back. to the dissolving vessel or vessels, where it isagain used'in the same manner. i

The numeral 1h indicates one or more drain-m ing vessels, which are adapted to receive-the crystallized calmphor in draining-bags to allow the solvcntto pass entirely off. The reservoir 16 ls'eonnected by a pipe 16 to the' condensing vessel which receives the solvent driven off by the still.

\Vhilo I prefer to use naphtha as a solvent,

I do not limit my invention to its use. I

prefer it because of its low cost, light specific gravity, and extremely volatile character; but I may use other well-known hydrocarbons a sutlicient degree for my purpose.

The apparatus described may be varied considerably and forms no essential part of my present invention.

The product obtained by my process as hereinv described differs in a marked degree fromrctined camphor produced by other known processes. For example, camphor produced by what is known as the Ilirsch process is a finely-divided perfectly opaque snow-white substance, having no suggestion of a'crystalline formation, but resembling finely-pulverized chalk, cohering in smallbodies. Its entire want of transparency or oven transluccncy, its brilliant whitccolor, and the entire absence of a crystalline appearance are the most:- promincnt characteristics of this camphor. Camphor has also been refined by the Sims process, the prod net bcin g white without transparency and bearing a close resemblance to powdered or pulverized sugar.

The camphor refined by my process is distinctly crystalline and has perfect transparency, while at the same time it is produced in a granular condition, the granules being composed of the separate crystals or of two or three adhering together. The crystals are substantially orthorhombic in formation, and in form, color, transparency, crystalline form as solvents which possess similar qualities in and the granular state in which it is pr'oduced and which it retains indefinitely it differs so widely from camphor produced by other processes that it would be taken fora different substance were it not for its characteristic odor.

that I claim is- 1. The process described for the purification of crude cam phor and its reduction to anhy-,

drous, granular oamphor crystals, said prob css consisting in dissolving crude camphor in a closed chamber in a solvent havinga less specific gravity than water, withdrawing the solvent with the pure camphor in solution. from off the stratum of water on which it floats in the dissolring-chamber, driving oil the solvent and crystallizing the hure, anhydrous camphor held in solution by it, substantially as described.

2. The process described for the purification of crude cainphor and its reduction to anhydrous, granular camphor crystals, said process consisting in dissolving crude camphor in a closed chamber in'a hydrocarbon, such as naphtha, havinga less specific gravity than water, separating the solution of pure caniphor by allowing it to float upon the stratum of water set free from the crude camphor by solution, Withdrawing the supernatant s01 u-' tionto a closed filtering-chamber, and filtering the same, then separating the hydrocarbon solvent by distillation, and crystallizing the pure, anhydrous cainphor remaining, substantially as described.

3. The process .described for purifying crude camphor and reducing it to anhydrous, granular, caniphor crystals, said process consisting in dissolving the pure from the crude cainphor by a solvent of less specific gravity than water, separating the water set free .by the crude caniphor from the supernatant solution of pn re camphor, driving off the sol vent by distillation, and filtering the remain-Y ing concentrated solution to separate the remainder of the solvent from the granular mass of crystals of pureanhydronscamphor, sub- 3 stantia-lly as described. 7

4. The process described for purifying crude eaniphor and reducing it to anhydrous, granular, .eamphor crystals, which consists in dissolving crude eamphor in a hydrocarbon 3,

such as naphtha or other solvent-having less specific gravity than water, separating the water yielded by the crude eamplror from the supernatant solution of pure camphor by drawing oit the latter, filtering said separated 0 solution, driving 01f the solvent by distillation, crystallizing the pure anhydrous grannlar calnphor, and separating any remaining solvent therefrom by filtering, substantially as described.

I I In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Wit- 

